Step 7#

Refer to drawings in Appendix C for details of fabrication and erection.

For modular sign panels, use three stiffeners (Type 2) at 580mm spacing per 1200mm high sign panel module (refer Figure 4.2.4(a)).

Table B.4 – Foundation strength category

Strength category	Firm to stiff	Stiff to hard
Undrained shear strength, Cu (kPA)	75	150
Elastic modulus, E (kPa)	8000	16,000
Subgrade reaction modulus, k (MN/m³)	30	60
Field identification	Effort is required to penetrate with thumb or remould with fingers	Only indented by thumb and not possible to remould in fingers without adding water

Table in words

For cohesive clay soils, the strength category Firm to stiff has an undrained shear strength Cu of 75 kPA, an elastic modulus E of 8000 kPa, a subgrade reaction modulus k of 30 MN/m³, and field identification: Effort is required to penetrate with thumb or remould with fingers.
For cohesive clay soils, the strength category Stiff to hard has an undrained shear strength Cu of 150 kPA, an elastic modulus E of 16,000 kPa, a subgrade reaction modulus k of 60 MN/m³, and field identification: Only indented by thumb and not possible to remould in fingers without adding water.

Table B.4 – Foundation strength category

Strength category	Loose to medium dense	Dense
Friction angle	35	45
Elastic modulus, E (kPa)	40,000	80,000
Coefficient of modulus variation, (MN/m³)	3	9
Field identification	No significant resistance to excavation with spade penetration by crowbar	Noticeable resistance to excavation with spade or little penetration by crowbar

Table in words

For cohesionless sand soils, the strength category Loose to medium dense has a friction angle of 35, an elastic modulus E of 40,000 kPa, a coefficient of modulus variation of 3 MN/m³, and field identification: No significant resistance to excavation with spade penetration by crowbar.
For cohesionless sand soils, the strength category Dense has a friction angle of 45, an elastic modulus E of 80,000 kPa, a coefficient of modulus variation of 9 MN/m³, and field identification: Noticeable resistance to excavation with spade or little penetration by crowbar.

Table B.5 – CHS post section equivalence table

Post section from Figure B.2-13 DN	Post section from Figure B.2-13 Grade	Post section from Figure B.2-13 CHS outside diameter	Post section from Figure B.2-13 Wall thickness (mm)	Equivalent post section DN	Equivalent post section Grade	Equivalent post section CHS outside diameter	Equivalent post section Wall thickness (mm)
*50LT	LIGHT C350	*60.3	2.9	50H	HEAVY C250	60.3	4.5
*65LT	LIGHT C350	*76.1	3.2	65H	HEAVY C250	76.1	4.5
*80LT	LIGHT C350	*88.9	3.2	80H	HEAVY C250	88.9	5.0
90LT	LIGHT C350	101.6	3.2	90H	HEAVY C250	101.6	5.0
*100LT	LIGHT C350	*114.3	3.6	100H	HEAVY C250	114.3	5.4
125LT	LIGHT C350	139.7	3.5	*125M	MEDIUM C250	*139.7	5.0
150LT	LIGHT C350	165.1	3.5	*150M	MEDIUM C250	*165.1	5.0

* Indicates Preferred Post Sizes

Figure B.2 – Region A, RHS / CHS posts: Sign area ≤10m²p. 38

1.On uneven ground H = height of the tallest post.
2.For signs in exposed locations prone to high wind (unshielded terrain category 2 in AS1170.2) or where post collapse is more hazardous than normal situations, use charts for next wind region up from that derived from Figure B.1.
3.For breakaway posts with panel height, B, greater than 1.65 x H, select one size up from that derived on the graph. Increase support size additionally to any increase required for exposed locations in Note 2.
4.For larger signs, refer also to Figure B.6., Region A. RHS / CHS Posts: sign area ≤28m² and Figure B.10, Region A. RHS / CHS Posts: sign area ≤40m².
5.LT = light (C350), M = medium (C250). Refer Table B.5.

Figure B.3– Region B, RHS / CHS posts: Sign area ≤10m²p. 40

1.On uneven ground H = height of the tallest post.
2.For signs in exposed locations prone to high wind (unshielded terrain category 2 in AS1170.2) or where post collapse is more hazardous than normal situations, use charts for next wind region up from that derived from Figure B.1.
3.For breakaway posts with panel height, B, greater than 1.65 x H, select one size up from that derived on the graph. Increase support size additionally to any increase required for exposed locations in Note 2.
4.For larger signs, refer also to Figure B.7., Region B. RHS / CHS Posts: sign area ≤28m² and Figure B.11., Region B. RHS / CHS Posts: sign area ≤40m².
5.LT = light (C350), M = medium (C250). Refer Table B.5.

Figure B.4 – Region C, RHS / CHS posts: Sign area ≤10m²p. 42

1.On uneven ground H = height of the tallest post
2.For signs in exposed locations prone to high wind (unshielded terrain category 2 in AS1170.2) or where post collapse is more hazardous than normal situations, use charts for next wind region up from that derived from Figure B.1.
3.For breakaway posts with panel height, B, greater than 1.65 x H, select one size up from that derived on the graph. Increase support size additionally to any increase required for exposed locations in Note 2.
4.For larger signs, refer also to Figure B.8., Region C. RHS / CHS Posts: sign area ≤28m² and Figure B.12, Region C. RHS / CHS Posts: sign area ≤40m².
5.LT = light (C350), M = medium (C250). Refer Table B.5.

Figure B.5 – Region D, RHS / CHS posts: Sign area ≤10m²p. 44

1.On uneven ground H = height of the tallest post
2.For signs in exposed locations prone to high wind (unshielded terrain category 2 in AS1170.2) or where post collapse is more hazardous than normal situations, use charts for next wind region up from that derived from Figure B.1.
3.For breakaway posts with panel height, B, greater than 1.65 x H, select one size up from that derived on the graph. Increase support size additionally to any increase required for exposed locations in Note 2.
4.For larger signs, refer also to Figure B.9., Region D. RHS / CHS Posts: sign area ≤28m² and Figure B.13, Region D. RHS / CHS Posts: sign area ≤40m².
5.LT = light (C350), M = medium (C250). Refer Table B.5.

Figure B.6 – Region A, RHS / CHS posts: Sign area ≤28m²p. 46

1.On uneven ground H = height of the tallest post
2.For signs in exposed locations prone to high wind (unshielded terrain category 2 in AS1170.2) or where post collapse is more hazardous than normal situations, use charts for next wind region up from that derived from Figure B.1.
3.For breakaway posts with panel height, B, greater than 1.65 x H, select one size up from that derived on the graph. Increase support size additionally to any increase required for exposed locations in Note 2.
4.For larger signs, refer also to Figure B.2., Region A. RHS / CHS Posts: sign area ≤10m² and Figure B.10., Region A. RHS / CHS Posts: sign area ≤40m² respectively.
5.LT = light (C350), M = medium (C250). Refer Table B.5.

Figure B.7 – Region B, RHS / CHS posts: Sign area ≤28m²p. 48

1.On uneven ground H = height of the tallest post
2.For signs in exposed locations prone to high wind (unshielded terrain category 2 in AS1170.2) or where post collapse is more hazardous than normal situations, use charts for next wind region up from that derived from Figure B.1.
3.For breakaway posts with panel height, B, greater than 1.65 x H, select one size up from that derived on the graph. Increase support size additionally to any increase required for exposed locations in Note 2.
4.For larger signs, refer also to Figure B.3., Region B. RHS / CHS Posts: sign area ≤10m² and Figure B.11., Region B. RHS / CHS Posts: sign area ≤40m² respectively.
5.LT = light (C350), M = medium (C250). Refer Table B.5.

Figure B.8 – Region C, RHS / CHS posts: Sign area ≤28m²p. 50

1.On uneven ground H = height of the tallest post
2.For signs in exposed locations prone to high wind (unshielded terrain category 2 in AS1170.2) or where post collapse is more hazardous than normal situations, use charts for next wind region up from that derived from Figure B.1.
3.For breakaway posts with panel height, B, greater than 1.65 x H, select one size up from that derived on the graph. Increase support size additionally to any increase required for exposed locations in Note 2.
4.For larger signs, refer also to Figure B.4., Region C. RHS / CHS Posts: sign area ≤10m² and Figure B.12., Region C. RHS / CHS Posts: sign area ≤40m² respectively.
5.LT = light (C350), M = medium (C250). Refer Table B.5.

Figure B.9 – Region D, RHS / CHS posts: Sign area ≤28m²p. 52

1.On uneven ground H = height of the tallest post
2.For signs in exposed locations prone to high wind (unshielded terrain category 2 in AS1170.2) or where post collapse is more hazardous than normal situations, use charts for next wind region up from that derived from Figure B.1.
3.For breakaway posts with panel height, B, greater than 1.65 x H, select one size up from that derived on the graph. Increase support size additionally to any increase required for exposed locations in Note 2.
4.For larger signs, refer also to Figure B.5., Region D. RHS / CHS Posts: sign area ≤10m² and Figure B.13., Region D. RHS/CHS Posts: sign area ≤40m² respectively.
5.LT = light (C350), M = medium (C250). Refer Table B.5.

Figure B.10 – Region A, RHS / CHS posts: Sign area ≤40m²p. 54

1.On uneven ground H = height of the tallest post
2.For signs in exposed locations prone to high wind (unshielded terrain category 2 in AS1170.2) or where post collapse is more hazardous than normal situations, use charts for next wind region up from that derived from Figure B.1.
3.For breakaway posts with panel height, B, greater than 1.65 x H, select one size up from that derived on the graph. Increase support size additionally to any increase required for exposed locations in Note 2.
4.For smaller signs, refer also to Figure B.2., Region A. RHS / CHS Posts: sign area ≤10m² and Figure B.6., Region A. RHS / CHS Posts: sign area ≤28m².

Figure B.11 – Region B, RHS / CHS posts: Sign area ≤40m²p. 56

1.On uneven ground H = height of the tallest post
2.For signs in exposed locations prone to high wind (unshielded terrain category 2 in AS1170.2) or where post collapse is more hazardous than normal situations, use charts for next wind region up from that derived from Figure B.1.
3.For breakaway posts with panel height, B, greater than 1.65 x H, select one size up from that derived on the graph. Increase support size additionally to any increase required for exposed locations in Note 2.
4.For smaller signs, refer also to Figure B.3., Region B. RHS / CHS Posts: sign area ≤10m² and Figure B.7., Region B RHS / CHS Posts: sign area ≤28m².

Figure B.12 – Region C, RHS / CHS posts: Sign area ≤40m²p. 58

1.On uneven ground H = height of the tallest post.
2.For signs in exposed locations prone to high wind (unshielded terrain category 2 in AS1170.2) or where post collapse is more hazardous than normal situations, use charts for next wind region up from that derived from Figure B.1.
3.For breakaway posts with panel height, B, greater than 1.65 x H, select one size up from that derived on the graph. Increase support size additionally to any increase required for exposed locations in Note 2.
4.For smaller signs, refer also to Figure B.4., Region C. RHS / CHS Posts: sign area ≤10m² and Figure B.8., Region C. RHS / CHS Posts: sign area ≤28m².

Figure B.13 – Region D, RHS / CHS posts: Sign area ≤40m²p. 60

1.On uneven ground H = height of the tallest post.
2.For signs in exposed locations prone to high wind (unshielded terrain category 2 in AS1170.2) or where post collapse is more hazardous than normal situations, use charts for next wind region up from that derived from Figure B.1.
3.For breakaway posts with panel height, B, greater than 1.65 x H, select one size up from that derived on the graph. Increase support size additionally to any increase required for exposed locations in Note 2.
4.For smaller signs, refer also to Figure B.5., Region D. RHS / CHS Posts: sign area ≤10m² and Figure B.9., Region D. RHS / CHS Posts: sign area ≤28m².